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Colour Correction - part 4 of 1 2 3 4 5

by Mike McNamee Published 01/09/2006

Right The X-Rite Digital Swatchbook feeds data to its own program called Colorshop. Here you can find best matches from the Pantone system, check out your profiles or measure density, metamerism, Lab values and a host of others.

Initially we will concentrate on Lab colour. This is the underlying colour system used by Photoshop (regardless of the mode your image - both a CMYK and an RGB image will be worked as Lab values in the background by Photoshop). When it comes to send the colour to your screen, Photoshop works out the voltages to apply to the red, green and blue electron guns at the back of your monitor. Conversely, if you send the image to your printer, Photoshop works out how much cyan, magenta, yellow and black inks to spray onto the page. The fact that these two methods of making colour are so radically different is the source of much of the grief you get with imaging and reproduction. In Lab colour, the L value is the lightness, a is the red-greeness and b is the yellow-blueness (see the diagrams in the call-out box). Hence skin has Lab values of 66L, 14a and 15b. This indicates that the brightness is 2/3 of the way towards fully bright white (66% is almost 2/3 of 100%) and that the other predominant colours are a weak red and weak yellow. Negative values of a indicate greens, negative values of b indicate blues. Hence a colour with values of zero for both a and b is a neutral grey, of a density determined by its Lightness value.

In order to understand colour better, scientists plot colours on graphs. This is like a map and just as you can measure how far two places are apart on a map, you can measure how much two colours are different on a graph. Just as you can look at a map and say Denbigh is west of Liverpool, you can say that magenta is more towards a red than a cyan.

Crucially, the eye's ability to judge colour varies depending upon what the colour is. You have a hard time deciding if a deep black has a blue bias or a green bias for example. It is easier to spot the difference between two reds than between two deep blues if they are different by the same amount (i.e. the same distance apart on the graph). Sadly for monchrome enthusiasts, the eye is most sensitive when spotting the difference between light grey values. This is why you are rarely satisfied with your grey scale from a 6-colour printer. Not only does the printer have a hard time getting the colour right, your eye spots the errors with great ease!

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1st Published 01/09/2006
last update 09/12/2022 14:52:39

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